Coronavirus causing heart disease in some patients, study finds

 

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The coronavirus can cause heart disease in some patients, even those who had relatively mild symptoms of COVID-19, a new study has found.

The study, published in the journal JAMA Cardiology, examined a group of 100 COVID-19 patients. Some were sick enough to have been hospitalized, and some had a mild enough illness that they were discharged and left to recover at home.

Around 60 per cent of those patients had evidence of myocardial damage – inflammation of the heart muscle, which can be mild, or eventually increase the risk of serious cardiac problems like heart failure.

“This is actually quite scary,” said Dr. Gavin Oudit, a cardiologist at the Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute and professor at the University of Alberta.

“It’s not the acute, decompensated very sick COVID-19 patients that are in ICU. These are patients that had symptoms but had a resolution of the virus.”

But the study may not be quite as scary as it appears at first glance, according to Dr. Dinesh Thavendiranathan, a cardiologist at the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre in Toronto.

The study compared COVID-19 patients to a control group who had similar pre-existing risk factors for cardiovascular disease, but who didn’t have the virus. In that control group, around 40 per cent of patients showed signs of myocardial damage, meaning that the increased burden from COVID-19 wasn’t quite as high as it looks.

However, he said, cardiovascular disease among COVID-19 patients is definitely a concern.

There have been other studies earlier in the pandemic, mainly from China, that found that around one in five COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital showed signs of heart injury – and those with heart injury tended to get more severe disease outcomes, he said.

Exactly how likely is still unknown, he said, though he is working on a research project to look at this issue. While the research is still ongoing, he hasn’t seen these kinds of high numbers yet, he said.

The other major question, to him, is how permanent this injury might be and what that means for the patient’s health. If there is inflammation to the heart but it’s gone in six months, then it might not be very consequential, he said. He hopes more studies follow patients long-term to see if the injury persists.


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